Research Day - Fall 2014 - DO NOT EDIThttp://hdl.handle.net/10106/265162024-03-29T01:27:14Z2024-03-29T01:27:14ZEffects of Beta-Alanine & Recovery Methods on Lactate Levels & Anaerobic Capacity in Resistance-Trained MalesSmilie, Bhttp://hdl.handle.net/10106/266022020-05-28T19:09:57Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZEffects of Beta-Alanine & Recovery Methods on Lactate Levels & Anaerobic Capacity in Resistance-Trained Males
Smilie, B
INTRODUCTION: Beta-Alanine, an ergogenic aid, is a nonessential amino acid that is naturally occurring in the human body that contributes to hydrogen buffering during high-intensity exercise (Hobson et al., 2012). High-intensity exercise causes an increase in the metabolite, lactate, or hydrogen ion concentration. This will then cause premature fatigue due to impaired contractile function. This buffering agent will be of use to athletes, fitness enthusiasts and bodybuilders looking to delay fatigue and increase performance. Active recovery was found to significantly reduce blood lactate concentration when compared to passive rest (Martin et al., 1998).
PURPOSE: The purpose of this research study was to compare the effects of beta-alanine on exercise capacity and lactate levels using passive and active recovery between-training.
METHODS: Nine resistance-trained males participated in the study and were randomly placed into two different groups. Four males were placed into the passive recovery group, (age 22.5 ± 0.5 years) and five males placed into the active recovery group (age 21.8 ± 1.9 years). Subjects performed three Wingate Anaerobic Tests (WAnT) with four minutes of rest in between each WAnT on two separate occasions. Two blood lactate samples were obtained each session, before and after. The lactate levels in the blood were determined using the Accusport Lactate Analyzer. Following baseline testing, each subject supplemented with beta-alanine three times a day for six-seven days and then the WAnT were repeated. Variables recorded by the
Lode Cycle computer: Peak Power (PP), Fatigue Index (FI), and Relative Peak Power (PPr). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 for Windows. Separate 2 x 2 repeated measures ANOVA with one between subjects factor group (passive, active) and one within-subjects factor time (pre, post) was used to determine the effects of beta-alanine on the following dependent variables: change La, PP, FI, and PPr. Follow-up tests of significant ANOVA effects were compared using the Sidak post hoc test. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.
RESULTS: The time (pre, post) effect for change in La was not significant F(1,7) = 0.44, p = 0.53. The interaction between time and method of recovery (passive, active) was not significant, F(1,7) = 0.28, p =0.61. The passive recovery group had an increase in La difference by an average of 1.4mmol/L compared to 0.16mmol/L in the active group. The time (pre, post) effect for change in peak power (PP) for all subjects combined was significant F(1,7) = 5.8, p = 0.047. The PP increased from1009 ± 165 W to 1073 ± 171 W between times. However, PP did not improve in the interaction between time and group significantly, F(1,7) = 0.45, p = 0.52. The time effect for change in fatigue index (FI) approached significance, F(1,7) = 3.8, p = 0.09. On the other hand, FI did not improve as the interaction between time and method of recovery was not important, F(1,7) = 1.1, p = 0.32. The time effect for the change in relative peak power (PPr) was nearly significant, F(1,7) = 5.4, p = 0.054. Lastly, no significance was found between time and group in the difference in PPr, F(1,7) = 0.46, p = 0.52.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that beta-alanine does improve anaerobic capacity, but with no difference between groups. Beta-alanine affected both groups equally.
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2014-01-01T00:00:00ZTHE EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTATION ON ANAEROBIC EXERCISERamirez, JR Clementinohttp://hdl.handle.net/10106/265292023-06-26T20:03:42Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZTHE EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTATION ON ANAEROBIC EXERCISE
Ramirez, JR Clementino
•INTRODUCTION: Anaerobic exercise is most commonly identified as short term, high intensity exercise. During this type of exercise a person is able put forth maximum intensity in regards to speed, strength, and power. The duration for this type of exercise is very short lasting from a few seconds to approximately 2 minutes. One of the most common methods of evaluating anaerobic exercise performance is by having a person perform the Wingate Anaerobic Test (Want). The WAnT provides researchers with many different variables to analyze for anaerobic performance therefore, it is the test that will be utilized for this particular study.
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•PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Creatine Monohydrate supplementation on anaerobic exercise in men.
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•METHODS: 18 Men (M; age 23 +2.3 yrs) who were University of Texas at Arlington students volunteered to participate in this study. Each subject performed the Wingate exercise test on a cycle ergometer with a torque factor of .8 starting with a 1 minute warmup and then a maximal sprint for 30 seconds. Subjects then recovered for 4 minutes before performing another 30 second sprint to complete their testing visit. There were a total of three visits for this study one for baseline andanother after 5 days of placebo (Pl) loading, followed by another visit once a 5 day Creatine Monohydrate (Cr) (2.5 grams/day) loading had been completed. During each testing day peakpower (PP), mean power (MP), total work (TW), and rate of fatigue (RF) were measured by the Lode cycle ergometer for each sprint the subject performed.
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•RESULTS: The peak power measured after supplementing on placebo and creatine was measured at 1157.18 ±193.83 W (Pl) and 1129.53 ±223.31 W (Cr) and did not result in a significant difference (p = 0.473). The mean power values for this study were 389.71 ±93.78 W (Pl); 389.29 ±83.53 W (Cr) which was also not significantly different (p= 0.975). Total work resulted in 11691.18 ±2813.36 J (Pl); and 11675 ±2501.79 J (Cr). These differences were not significant (p = 0.97). Lastly, the results for anaerobic fatigue were 34.3 ±6.23 (Pl); 33.19 ±8.69 (Cr) which were also not statistically significant (p = 0.59).
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•CONCLUSION: After all supplementing and testing was completed, the results of this study did not indicate a significant effect on the anaerobic exercise variables evaluated. These results may have varied if the protocol would have required a higher loading period or higher supplement dosage.
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2014-01-01T00:00:00ZTHE EFFECTS OF BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION TRAINING ON MUSCULAR SIZE, STRENGTH AND ENDURANCENguyen, Josephhttp://hdl.handle.net/10106/265282023-06-26T15:33:26Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZTHE EFFECTS OF BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION TRAINING ON MUSCULAR SIZE, STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE
Nguyen, Joseph
INTRODUCTION:Blood flow restriction training, has been utilized by individuals interested in inducing hypertrophic conditions without the use of heavy weight loads. The idea is to restrict venous return while still allowing arterial blood flow into the muscles being occluded. The metabolites built up would then cause an increase in anaerobic conditions producing lactic acid, fatiguing slow twitch fibers and utilizing fast twitch fibers. PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of blood flow restriction versus standard exercise for hypertrophy, strength, and endurance over a 6 week training period. METHODS: Three men (Age: 23 ±1yrs, Wt: 78.79 ±12.64kg, Ht: 1.72 ±0.07m, Resting SBP: 130.3 ±14.64 mmHg, Resting DBP: 67 ±1.73 mmHg, RHR: 67.6 ±20.6 bpm) and two females (Age: 22.5 ±0.71yrs, Wt: 58.88 ±3.43kg, Ht: 1.63 ±0.04m, Resting SBP: 126.5 ±6.36 mmHg, Resting DBP: 82.5 ±6.36 mmHg, RHR: 89.5 ±7.78 bpm) from the recreational center of UT Arlington were asked to volunteer in the study by face to face contact. Each subject had initial anthropometric data collected along with resting blood pressure andheart rate. Subjects were then assessed to determine a 1 repetition max (1RM) and 10 repetition max (10RM) on their dominant and non-dominant arms during baseline week. For the next 4 weeks, participants were scheduled to meet 2 days/wk on non-consecutive day for training. The training consisted of 5 sets of 10 repetitions 40-50% of their 10RM for their dominant arm, and 5 sets of 10 repetitions of 75-85% of their 10RM for their non-dominant arm. The dominant arm was the arm being occluded at 1.1 times their resting diastolic blood pressure. A 60-second rest period was allowed, with heart rate being measured by using a Polar heart rate monitor every 30 seconds. During the6th week, arm circumference and 1RM were re-taken to measure muscular hypertrophy and strength. In addition, subjects performed repetitions until failure with their initial 10RM to determine changes in muscle endurance. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA with alpha level set at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS:Exercise heart rate was 88.87 ±15.76 bpm (occluded) and 102.52 ±15.17 bpm (non-occluded) which demonstrated a significant difference (p = 0.00). Differences in pre-1RM (38.75 ±15.48lbs) and post-1RM (41.25 ±14.9lbs) of the occluded arm approached, but did not reach significance (p = 0.07). However, there was a significance in pre-10RM (10) to failure versus post-10RM (17 ±5.48 reps) to failure of the occluded arm (p = 0.026). Arm circumference of the dominant arm also showed significance (p = 0.025) from pre-(28.05 ±4.48cm) to post-(29.3 ±5.4cm) occlusion. 1RM of the non-occluded, non-dominant arm showed no significance (p = 0.18). Repetitions until failure of the subjects' non-dominant 10RM showed significance (p = 0.01) from pre-training (10) to post-training (17.5 ±4.12 reps). Lastly, changes in non-dominant arm circumferences from pre-training (28.58 ±5.5cm) to post-training (29.5 ±5.58cm) trended toward significance (p = 0.078). CONCLUSION:The results of this study indicate that blood flow restriction training can produce similar or even greater changes in muscular strength, endurance, and mass in healthy populations.
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2014-01-01T00:00:00ZThe Effects of Decaffeinated Green Tea Extract On Body Composition And Estimated VO2MaxMartinez, Wendyhttp://hdl.handle.net/10106/265272023-06-23T18:57:53Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZThe Effects of Decaffeinated Green Tea Extract On Body Composition And Estimated VO2Max
Martinez, Wendy
INTRODUCTION: Green tea is rich in antioxidant polyphenols such as catechins and flavonols, and it is also composed of caffeine. The extract of tea is said to have some vasodilator effects which can have cardiovascular benefits, and it is also said to reduce body fat by means of fat oxidation. Many studies have been done using regular green tea on the body as opposed to decaffeinated green tea which solely contains polyphenols.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this research study is to observe and record the effects decaffeinated green tea extract pills have on body composition and estimated VO2Max when taken over a 6 week period.
METHODS: Ten subjects (age 23.9 ±2.1years; height 159.1 ±4.1cm; weight 85.1 ±5.7 kg; BMI of 33.6 ±1.9) volunteered to participate in this study. Each subject was asked to come to the Kinesiology laboratory, the height, weight and BMI were measured and calculated by utilizing a scale. To estimate VO2Maxand maximal workload capacity, the YMCA sub-maximal test was used. The test requires the subjects to pedal 50 rpm beginning with a workload set at 150 kpm (0.5 kp; 25 Watts). The HR was recorded every minute for three minutes. The BP and RPE were recorded once every 3 minutes. If the last two heart rates were greater than 6 beats per minute (bpm) apart then the subject worked an extra minute until steady state was reached. The workloads after the initial stage were set based on the HR. The test was stopped after the subject reached steady state with HR between 110 and 85% of estimated HR max in two consecutive stages. After all measurement and tests were recorded, the subjects were given 42 pills of either placebo (gelatin capsules filled with sugar) or decaffeinated green tea extract. Subjects were directed to take one pill every day for 6 weeks and to keep a weekly log of exercise and caffeine intake. After 6 weeks all measurements and test were repeated and recorded. A two tailed t-test was used and the α level of significance was set to p ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the pre values (81.7 ±3.2 kg; 32.8 ±1.4 BMI; 25.4 ±2.7 ml/kg/min; 890 ±112 (kgm/min) and the post values (82.3 ±2.8 kg; 33 ±1.2 BMI; 25.7 ±3.0 ml/kg/min; 905 ±116 kgm/min) for the extract group (p > 0.05). No significant differences were obtained between the pre values (88.4 ±8.3 kg; 34.4 ±1.9 BMI; 24.5 ±6.6 ml/kg/min; 930 ±328 kgm/min) and the post values (88.6 ±9.0 kg; 34.4 ±1.9 BMI; 26.6 ±5.8 ml/kg/min; 1015±294 kgm/min) for the placebo group either (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that decaffeinated green tea extract has no effects on weight, BMI, estimated VO2Max, or estimated maximal work capacity. However, this study had many limitations that should be acknowledged such as not controlling for activity or diet and managed for future studies.
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2014-01-01T00:00:00Z